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(A) The acidic strength of substituted benzoic acids depends on the electronic effects of the substituents attached to the benzene ring.Electron-withd

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$I < II < III < IV$

Vedclass · Answer

(A) The acidic strength of substituted benzoic acids depends on the electronic effects of the substituents attached to the benzene ring.Electron-withdrawing groups $(EWG)$ increase the acidic strength by stabilizing the carboxylate anion through $-I$ and $-M$ effects.Electron-donating groups $(EDG)$ decrease the acidic strength by destabilizing the carboxylate anion through $+I$ and $+M$ effects.The substituents are:$I$: $-OCH_3$ (Strong $+M$ effect,weak $-I$ effect; overall acts as an $EDG$)$II$: $-CH_3$ (Weak $+I$ and hyperconjugation effect; acts as an $EDG$)$III$: $-CN$ (Strong $-I$ and $-M$ effect; acts as an $EWG$)$IV$: $-NO_2$ (Very strong $-I$ and $-M$ effect; acts as a strong $EWG$)Comparing the effects:$-OCH_3$ is a stronger electron donor than $-CH_3$,so $I$ is less acidic than $II$.$-NO_2$ is a stronger electron withdrawer than $-CN$,so $IV$ is more acidic than $III$.The overall increasing order of acidic strength is $I < II < III < IV$.

The increasing order of acidic strength of the following in aqueous solution is:

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