The length of a metal rod at $30^{\circ} C$ is $30 \ cm$. If its temperature is raised to $105^{\circ} C$, its length is increased by $0.027 \ cm$. Then the coefficient of linear expansion of the metal is

$A$ rod of length $20 \, cm$ is made of metal $A$. It expands by $0.075 \, cm$ when its temperature is raised from $0^{\circ}C$ to $100^{\circ}C$. Another rod of a different metal $B$ having the same length expands by $0.045 \, cm$ for the same change in temperature. $A$ third rod of the same length is composed of two parts,one of metal $A$ and the other of metal $B$. This rod expands by $0.06 \, cm$ for the same change in temperature. The portion made of metal $A$ has the length ............. $cm$.

$A$ steel rod at $25^{\circ} C$ is observed to be $1 \ m$ long when measured by another metal scale which is correct at $0^{\circ} C$. The exact length of the steel rod at $0^{\circ} C$ is $(\alpha_{\text{steel}} = 12 \times 10^{-6} \ ^{\circ} C^{-1}, \alpha_{\text{metal}} = 20 \times 10^{-6} \ ^{\circ} C^{-1})$. (in $m$)

Steel rails are laid with gaps to allow for thermal expansion. Each track is $10 \ m$ long,when laid at a temperature of $17^{\circ} C$. The maximum temperature that can be reached is $45^{\circ} C$. The gap to be kept between the two segments of the railway track is $(\alpha_{\text{steel}} = 1.3 \times 10^{-5} /^{\circ} C)$. (in $mm$)

The coefficient of linear expansion of a crystalline substance in one direction is $2 \times 10^{-4} /{ }^{\circ} C$ and in every direction perpendicular to it is $3 \times 10^{-4} /{ }^{\circ} C$. The coefficient of cubical expansion of the crystal is equal to ........... $\times 10^{-4} /{ }^{\circ} C$.

$A$ steel tape is calibrated at $20^{\circ} C$. On a cold day when the temperature is $-15^{\circ} C$,the percentage error in the tape will be ........... $\%$ $\left[\alpha_{\text{steel}} = 1.2 \times 10^{-5} {}^{\circ} C^{-1}\right]$