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(A) The reaction involves the substitution of the hydroxyl group $(-OH)$ of the benzylic alcohol with a chlorine atom $(-Cl)$ using $HCl$ under heatin

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$4-$hydroxybenzyl chloride

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(A) The reaction involves the substitution of the hydroxyl group $(-OH)$ of the benzylic alcohol with a chlorine atom $(-Cl)$ using $HCl$ under heating conditions.In $4$-hydroxybenzyl alcohol,there are two types of hydroxyl groups: one is a phenolic $-OH$ group and the other is a benzylic $-OH$ group.The benzylic $-OH$ group is more reactive towards nucleophilic substitution with $HCl$ because the resulting carbocation intermediate is resonance-stabilized by the benzene ring.The phenolic $-OH$ group does not undergo substitution with $HCl$ easily because the $C-O$ bond has partial double bond character due to resonance.Therefore,the $-OH$ group of the $-CH_2OH$ side chain is replaced by $-Cl$,yielding $4$-hydroxybenzyl chloride as the major product.

The major product in the following reaction is

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$CH_3 CH_2 OH \underset{\text{step-}1}{\stackrel{Cl_2}{\longrightarrow}} CH_3 CHO$ $\underset{\text{step-}2}{\stackrel{3 Cl_2}{\longrightarrow}} Cl_3 CCHO$
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