The power of a biconvex lens is $10 \; D$ and the radius of curvature of each surface is $10 \; cm$. The refractive index of the material of the lens is:

$A$ parallel beam of white light falls on a convex lens. Images of blue,red,and green light are formed on the other side of the lens at distances $x$,$y$,and $z$ respectively from the pole of the lens. Then:

Consider a thin lens placed between a source $(S)$ and an observer $(O)$ (See figure). Let the thickness of the lens vary as $w(b) = w_0 - \alpha b^2$, where $b$ is the vertical distance from the pole. $w_0$ and $\alpha$ are constants. Using Fermat's principle, i.e., the time of transit for a ray between the source and observer is an extremum, find the condition that all paraxial rays starting from the source will converge at a point $O$ on the axis. Find the focal length.
$(ii)$ $A$ gravitational lens may be assumed to have a varying width of the form $W = K_1 \log \left( \frac{K_2}{b} \right)$ (where $b_{\min} < b < b_{\max}$). Show that an observer will see an image of a point object as a ring about the center of the lens with an angular radius $\beta = \sqrt{\frac{(n - 1)K_1 u}{v(u + v)}}$.

The focal lengths for violet,green,and red light rays are ${f_V}$,${f_G}$,and ${f_R}$ respectively. Which of the following is the true relationship?

$A$ convex lens forms a real image of a point object placed on its principal axis. If the upper half of the lens is painted black,the image will

$A$ lateral object of height $h_o = 0.5\, cm$ is placed on the optical axis of a bi-convex lens of focal length $f = 80\, cm$,at an object distance $u = -60\, cm$. The image formed is: