The '$Z$' scheme of photosynthesis was proposed by

Plastocyanin contains

$ADP + \Pi = ATP$ formation in grana is called......

Assertion $(A) : H^+$ gradient across the thylakoid membrane is essential for the formation of $\text{ATP}$.
Reason $(R) :$ Breakdown of $H^+$ gradient due to the movement of protons through $F_0$ of $\text{ATP}$ synthase releases enough energy to activate $\text{ATP}$ synthase enzyme that catalyses the formation of $\text{ATP}$.

If there is a mutation in the cytochrome system,then this will:

Assimilatory power refers to