If there is a mutation in the cytochrome system,then this will:

In plants,the Hill reaction is observed during .........

The assimilatory power produced during the light reaction in green algae is:

Identify the correct statements regarding chemiosmotic hypothesis :
$(a)$ Splitting of the water molecule takes place on the inner side of the membrane.
$(b)$ Protons accumulate within the lumen of the thylakoids.
$(c)$ Primary acceptor of electron transfers the electrons to an electron carrier.
$(d)$ $NADP$ reductase enzyme is located on the stroma side of the membrane.
$(e)$ Protons increase in number in stroma.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Through which of the following substances does the photosystem-$I$ pass an electron to $NADP^+$ during light reactions?

Give the necessary elements of chemiosmosis.