Two identical charged spheres of material density $\rho$,suspended from the same point by inextensible strings of equal length,make an angle $\theta$ between the strings. When suspended in a liquid of density $\sigma$,the angle $\theta$ remains the same. The dielectric constant $K$ of the liquid is

$A$ disk of radius $R$ with uniform positive charge density $\sigma$ is placed on the $xy$ plane with its center at the origin. The Coulomb potential along the $z$-axis is $V(z) = \frac{\sigma}{2\epsilon_0} (\sqrt{R^2+z^2} - z)$. $A$ particle of positive charge $q$ is placed initially at rest at a point on the $z$-axis with $z=z_0$ and $z_0 > 0$. In addition to the Coulomb force,the particle experiences a vertical force $\vec{F} = -c\hat{k}$ with $c > 0$. Let $\beta = \frac{2c\epsilon_0}{q\sigma}$. Which of the following statement$(s)$ is(are) correct?
$(A)$ For $\beta = \frac{1}{4}$ and $z_0 = \frac{25}{7}R$,the particle reaches the origin.
$(B)$ For $\beta = \frac{1}{4}$ and $z_0 = \frac{3}{7}R$,the particle reaches the origin.
$(C)$ For $\beta = \frac{1}{4}$ and $z_0 = \frac{R}{\sqrt{3}}$,the particle returns back to $z=z_0$.
$(D)$ For $\beta > 1$ and $z_0 > 0$,the particle always reaches the origin.

The force between two conducting spheres of same radius having charges $+8 \mu C$ and $-4 \mu C$ separated by some distance in air is $F$. If the spheres are connected by a conducting wire and after some time the wire is removed,then the magnitude of the force between the two conducting spheres is

Two fixed,identical conducting plates $(\alpha)$ and $(\beta)$,each of surface area $S$,are charged to $-Q$ and $q$,respectively,where $Q > q > 0$. $A$ third identical plate $(\gamma)$,free to move,is located on the other side of the plate with charge $q$ at a distance $d$ as per the figure. The third plate is released and collides with the plate $(\beta)$. Assume the collision is elastic and the time of collision is sufficient to redistribute charge amongst $(\beta)$ and $(\gamma)$.
$(a)$ Find the electric field acting on the plate $(\gamma)$ before collision.
$(b)$ Find the charges on $(\beta)$ and $(\gamma)$ after the collision.
$(c)$ Find the velocity of the plate $(\gamma)$ after the collision and at a distance $d$ from the plate $(\beta)$.

The figure represents a crystal unit of cesium chloride, $CsCl$. The cesium atoms, represented by open circles, are situated at the corners of a cube of side $0.40 \, nm$, whereas a $Cl$ atom is situated at the centre of the cube. The $Cs$ atoms are deficient in one electron while the $Cl$ atom carries an excess electron.
$(i)$ What is the net electric field on the $Cl$ atom due to eight $Cs$ atoms?
$(ii)$ Suppose that the $Cs$ atom at the corner $A$ is missing. What is the net force now on the $Cl$ atom due to the seven remaining $Cs$ atoms?

Three charges are placed as shown in the figure. The magnitude of $q_1$ is $2.00\, \mu C$,but its sign and the value of the charge $q_2$ are not known. Charge $q_3$ is $+4.00\, \mu C$,and the net force on $q_3$ is entirely in the negative $x-$ direction. As per the condition given,the signs of $q_1$ and $q_2$ will be