Two short bar magnets $A$ and $B$ (having magnetic moments $M_{1}$ and $M_{2}$ respectively) are kept one above the other with their magnetic axes perpendicular to each other. If their resultant magnetic field at a point on the axis of magnet $A$ is inclined at $45^{\circ}$ with the axis of magnet $A$,then the ratio of magnetic moments $\frac{M_{2}}{M_{1}}$ is $[\tan 45^{\circ} = 1]$.

Some equipotential surfaces of the magnetic scalar potential are shown in the figure. The magnetic field at a point in the region is

Two short bar magnets have magnetic moments $1.2 \text{ Am}^2$ and $1.0 \text{ Am}^2$. They are placed on a horizontal table parallel to each other at a distance of $20 \text{ cm}$ between their centres, such that their north poles point towards the geographic south. They share a common magnetic equatorial line. The horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field is $3.6 \times 10^{-5} \text{ T}$. Calculate the resultant horizontal magnetic induction at the midpoint of the line joining their centres. (Given: $\frac{\mu_0}{4 \pi} = 10^{-7} \text{ N/A}^2$)

Derive the equation of torque on a magnetic needle in a uniform magnetic field.

The magnetic moment of a magnet is $2.5 \, J \, T^{-1}$. How much work in $J$ must be done to rotate it from its stable equilibrium position to an unstable equilibrium position in a magnetic field of $0.2 \, T$?

Deduce the expression for the potential energy of a bar magnet in a uniform magnetic field and discuss special cases.