Two spheres $P$ and $Q$,of the same color,having radii $8 \; cm$ and $2 \; cm$ are maintained at temperatures $127^{\circ}C$ and $527^{\circ}C$ respectively. The ratio of energy radiated by $P$ and $Q$ is:

$Assertion :$ Bodies radiate heat at all temperatures.
$Reason :$ Rate of radiation of heat is proportional to the fourth power of absolute temperature.

If the sun's surface radiates heat at $6.3 \times 10^7 \ W m^{-2}$,calculate the temperature of the sun assuming it to be a black body $(\sigma = 5.7 \times 10^{-8} \ W m^{-2} K^{-4})$.

$A$ black body,at a temperature of $227\,^{\circ}C$,radiates heat at a rate of $7\, cal\, cm^{-2} \,s^{-1}$. At a temperature of $727\,^{\circ}C$,the rate of heat radiated in the same units will be ..... units.

The outer surface of a star in the form of a sphere radiates heat as a black body at temperature $T$. The total radiant energy per unit area,normal to the direction of incidence,received at a distance $R$ from the center of a star of radius $r$ is $(R > r)$ ($\sigma =$ Stefan's constant).

$A$ sphere and a cube of the same material and same volume are heated up to the same temperature and allowed to cool in the same surroundings. The ratio of the amounts of radiation emitted will be