Water flows in a horizontal pipe whose one end is closed with a valve. The reading of the pressure gauge attached to the pipe is $P_1$. The reading of the pressure gauge falls to $P_2$ when the valve is opened. The speed of water flowing in the pipe is proportional to

The Pitot tube shown in the figure is used to measure fluid flow velocity in a pipe of cross-sectional area $S$. It was invented by a French engineer Henri Pitot in the early $18^{th}$ century. The volume of the gas flowing across the section of the pipe per unit time is (The difference in the liquid columns is $\Delta h$,$\rho_0$ and $\rho$ are the densities of liquid and the gas respectively):

$A$ scent sprayer is based on

Why is Bernoulli's equation not applicable to turbulent flow? Explain.

$A$ fully loaded Boeing aircraft has a mass of $3.3 \times 10^{5} \; kg$. Its total wing area is $500 \; m^{2}$. It is in level flight with a speed of $960 \; km/h$.
$(a)$ Estimate the pressure difference between the lower and upper surfaces of the wings.
$(b)$ Estimate the fractional increase in the speed of the air on the upper surface of the wing relative to the lower surface. [The density of air is $\rho = 1.2 \; kg/m^{3}$]

An $L$-shaped glass tube is just immersed in flowing water as shown. If the speed of the water current is $V$,then the height $h$ up to which the water rises will be