What is the pressure required to reduce the given volume of water by $1 \%$? (Bulk modulus $(K) = 2 \times 10^8 \ N m^{-2}$)

If the compressibility of water is $\sigma$ per unit atmospheric pressure,then the decrease in volume $V$ due to $P$ atmospheric pressure will be

Compute the bulk modulus of water from the following data: Initial volume $= 100.0 \; L$,Pressure increase $= 100.0 \; atm$ $(1 \; atm = 1.013 \times 10^{5} \; Pa)$,Final volume $= 100.5 \; L$. Compare the bulk modulus of water with that of air (at constant temperature). Explain in simple terms why the ratio is so large.

The isothermal bulk modulus of a gas at a pressure $P$ is (where $\gamma$ is the ratio of specific heat capacities of the gas).

$A$ solid sphere of radius $r$ made of a soft material of bulk modulus $K$ is surrounded by a liquid in a cylindrical container. $A$ massless piston of area $a$ floats on the surface of the liquid,covering the entire cross-section of the cylindrical container. When a mass $m$ is placed on the surface of the piston to compress the liquid,the fractional decrement in the radius of the sphere,$\left( \frac{dr}{r} \right)$ is:

$A$ bottle has an opening of radius $a$ and length $b$. $A$ cork of length $b$ and radius $(a + \Delta a)$,where $(\Delta a << a)$,is compressed to fit into the opening completely (see figure). If the bulk modulus of the cork is $B$ and the frictional coefficient between the bottle and the cork is $\mu$,then the force needed to push the cork into the bottle is: