Which among the following functional groups exhibits $-R$ effect?

Chloroacetic acid is a stronger acid than acetic acid. This can be explained using

The total number of contributing structures showing hyperconjugation (involving $C-H$ bonds) for the following carbocation is

Show the polarisation of the carbon-magnesium bond in the following structure: $CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-MgX$.

In which of the following organic compounds are all effects (i.e.,mesomeric effect,hyperconjugation effect,and inductive effect) present?

Which of the following statements are correct?
$(i)$ Inductive effect and resonance effect are possible in chlorobenzene.
$(ii)$ Resonance effect dominates over inductive effect in anisole.
$(iii)$ $p-$nitrobenzoic acid is less acidic than $m-$nitrobenzoic acid.
$(iv)$ Diphenylamine is more basic than aniline.