Which of the following elements has the maximum first ionisation potential?

The half-life of a radioactive substance is $20 \text{ minutes}$. The approximate time interval $(t_2 - t_1)$ between the time $t_2$ when $3/4$ of it has decayed and time $t_1$ when $1/4$ of it has decayed is:

Along the $x$-axis,three charges $\frac{q}{2}, -q$ and $\frac{q}{2}$ are placed at $x=0, x=a$ and $x=2a$ respectively. The resultant electric potential at a point $P$ located at a distance $r$ from the charge $-q$ (where $r > a$) is ($\varepsilon_0$ is the permittivity of free space):

$A$ body of mass $1 ~g$ and carrying a charge $10^{-8} ~C$ passes through two points $P$ and $Q$. $P$ and $Q$ are at electric potentials $600 ~V$ and $0 ~V$,respectively. The velocity of the body at $Q$ is $20 ~cm/s$. Its velocity in $m/s$ at $P$ is:

Which of the following would produce a buffer solution when mixed in equal volumes?

What is the figure given below showing in particular?