Between $Al$ and $Al^{3+}$,which has a smaller radius and why?
(B) $Al^{3+}$ has a smaller radius. This is because $Al$ is the parent atom of $Al^{3+}$,and $Al^{3+}$ is formed by the removal of $3$ electrons from $Al$. Consequently,the effective nuclear charge increases in $Al^{3+}$,which results in a smaller size compared to the neutral $Al$ atom.
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If four different elements $A, B, C$ and $D$ have electronic configurations as $A = [Ne] 3s^2 3p^4$,$B = [Ne] 3s^2 3p^5$,$C = [Ar] 3d^{10} 4s^2 4p^4$ and $D = [Ar] 3d^{10} 4s^2 4p^5$,identify the element with the largest atomic radius.
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