$A$ tub contains a mixture of two liquids $P$ and $Q$ in the ratio of $4:1$. When $10 \, L$ of the mixture is taken out and $10 \, L$ of liquid $Q$ is poured into the tub,the ratio becomes $2:3$. How many litres of liquid $P$ were contained in the tub initially?

Rama mixes $20 \%$ of kerosene to his petrol and then he sells the whole mixture at the price of petrol. If the cost price of the kerosene is $40 \%$ of the $CP$ of petrol,what is the net profit percentage (in $\%$)?

$A$ dishonest trader professes to sell his article at cost price but he uses $900 \, g$ weight instead of $1 \, kg$. What is the percentage gain of the trader in this trade?

Nine litres of water are drawn from a container full of water and it is then filled with milk. Nine litres of mixture are drawn and the container is again filled with milk. The ratio of the quantity of water now left in the container to that of the milk in it is $16:9$. How much liquid does the container hold? (in $litres$)

Pure milk costs $16 / L$. After adding water,the milkman sells the mixture at $15 / L$ and thereby makes a profit of $25 \%$. In what respective ratio does he mix milk with water?

Zinc and copper are in the ratio $5:3$ in $400 \, g$ of an alloy. How much copper (in $g$) should be added to make the ratio $5:4$?