Describe one gene inheritance.

(N/A) The study of inheritance of a single pair of alleles or factors of a trait at a time (monohybrid cross) is called one gene inheritance.
Based on his observations on monohybrid crosses,Mendel proposed two general rules to consolidate his understanding of inheritance.
These rules are called the principles or laws of inheritance:
$1$. Law of Dominance (First Law): $(i)$ Characters are controlled by discrete units called factors. $(ii)$ Factors occur in pairs. $(iii)$ In a dissimilar pair of factors,one member of the pair is dominant while the other is recessive.
This law explains the expression of only one of the parental characters in the $F_{1}$ generation and the expression of both in the $F_{2}$ generation,accounting for the $3:1$ phenotypic ratio.
$2$. Law of Segregation (Second Law): This law states that although parents contain two alleles,during gamete formation,the factors or alleles of a pair segregate from each other,such that each gamete receives only one of the two factors. Hence,the alleles do not show any blending,and both characters are recovered in the $F_{2}$ generation.