Explain: Carnot cycle and Carnot engine.

(N/A) Carnot engine is a theoretical thermodynamic cycle proposed by Nicolas $L$éonard Sadi Carnot. It operates between two heat reservoirs at temperatures $T_H$ (source) and $T_L$ (sink).
$1$. Carnot Engine Components:
- $A$ cylinder with insulating walls and a perfectly conducting base.
- $A$ frictionless,insulating piston.
- $A$ working substance (ideal gas).
- $A$ heat source at high temperature $T_H$.
- $A$ heat sink at low temperature $T_L$.
- An insulating stand.
$2$. Carnot Cycle Steps:
- Step $I$: Isothermal Expansion: The gas is placed on the heat source. It expands isothermally at temperature $T_H$,absorbing heat $Q_H$ from the source.
- Step $II$: Adiabatic Expansion: The cylinder is placed on the insulating stand. The gas expands adiabatically until its temperature drops to $T_L$.
- Step $III$: Isothermal Compression: The cylinder is placed on the heat sink. The gas is compressed isothermally at temperature $T_L$,rejecting heat $Q_L$ to the sink.
- Step $IV$: Adiabatic Compression: The cylinder is placed back on the insulating stand. The gas is compressed adiabatically until its temperature rises back to $T_H$,completing the cycle.