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(D) The loss (deletion) or gain (insertion/duplication) of a segment of $DNA$ results in alterations in the chromosome structure. Such structural chan

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Chromosomal aberration

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(D) The loss (deletion) or gain (insertion/duplication) of a segment of $DNA$ results in alterations in the chromosome structure. Such structural changes in chromosomes are collectively referred to as chromosomal aberrations. $A$ frame-shift mutation specifically refers to the insertion or deletion of one or a few nucleotide base pairs in a gene,which changes the reading frame of the genetic code. $A$ point mutation involves a change in a single base pair of $DNA$. $Polyploidy$ refers to an increase in the number of whole sets of chromosomes. Therefore,the loss or gain of a segment of $DNA$ is best described as a chromosomal aberration.

List-$I$	List-$II$
$A.$ Down's syndrome	$I.$ $11^{th}$ chromosome
$B.$ $\alpha$-Thalassemia	$II.$ $X$ chromosome
$C.$ $\beta$-Thalassemia	$III.$ $21^{st}$ chromosome
$D.$ Klinefelter's syndrome	$IV.$ $16^{th}$ chromosome

Loss or gain of a segment of $DNA$ results in

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