Rapid antigen test and $RT$-$PCR$ are two diagnostic tests for the $COVID-19$ virus. $PCR$,a molecular diagnostic tool,stands for:

In the context of blue-white screening,non-recombinant bacterial colonies appear blue in contrast to white recombinant colonies because:

The correct order of steps in Polymerase Chain Reaction $(PCR)$ is

Taking examples under each category,discuss upstream and downstream processing.

In which method is recombinant $DNA$ directly injected into the nucleus of an animal cell?

Refer to the following statements for agarose-gel electrophoresis:
$(a)$ The $\text{DNA}$ fragments resolve according to their size.
$(b)$ The separated $\text{DNA}$ fragment can be visualised only after staining with ethidium bromide followed by exposure to $UV$ radiation.
$(c)$ $\text{DNA}$ is always loaded into the well.
$(d)$ The smallest fragment of $\text{DNA}$ is near the well.
Choose the correct statements: