The figure shows a transparent slab of length $1 \, m$ placed in air,whose refractive index in the $x$-direction varies as $\mu = 1 + x^2$ for $0 \leq x \leq 1$. The optical path length of ray $R$ will be:

Explain the lateral shift for the refraction of light through a rectangular glass slab.

To determine the refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope, the minimum number of readings required is:

Two light rays initially in the same phase travel through two media of equal length $L$ having refractive indices $\mu_1$ and $\mu_2$ (where $\mu_1 > \mu_2$) as shown in the figure. If the wavelength of the light rays in air is $\lambda$,the phase difference of the emerging rays is given by:

$A$ diverging beam of light from a point source $S$ having divergence angle $\alpha$,falls symmetrically on a glass slab as shown. The angles of incidence of the two extreme rays are equal. If the thickness of the glass slab is $t$ and the refractive index is $n$,then the divergence angle of the emergent beam is

$A$ glass slab of thickness $20\, cm$ and refractive index $1.5$ is placed in front of a plane mirror. An object is placed at a distance of $40\, cm$ from the mirror in air. The position of the final image with respect to the mirror will be at a distance of: