The following reaction is:

The compounds $P$,$Q$,and $S$ were separately subjected to nitration using $HNO_3 / H_2SO_4$ mixture. The major product formed in each case respectively,is

What is the intermediate compound formed when chlorobenzene is treated with fused $NaOH$ under pressure?

$p$-Chlorotoluene is the major product in which of the following reactions?

Explain the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution reaction of ortho and para nitrohaloarenes.

"The presence of an electron-withdrawing group $\left( -NO_2 \right)$ at the ortho and para positions in haloarenes increases the reactivity of haloarenes towards nucleophilic substitution reactions." Prove this with an example.