The radius of curvature of each surface of a convex lens having refractive index $1.8$ is $20 \ cm$. The lens is now immersed in a liquid of refractive index $1.5$. The ratio of power of the lens in air to its power in the liquid will be $x : 1$. The value of $x$ is $.....$

Sunlight of intensity $1.3 \text{ kW m}^{-2}$ is incident normally on a thin convex lens of focal length $20 \text{ cm}$. Ignore the energy loss of light due to the lens and assume that the lens aperture size is much smaller than its focal length. The average intensity of light,in $\text{kW m}^{-2}$,at a distance $22 \text{ cm}$ from the lens on the other side is. . . . .

$A$ student measures the focal length of a convex lens by placing an object pin at a distance '$u$' from the lens and measuring the distance '$v$' of the image pin. The graph between '$u$' and '$v$' plotted by the student should look like:

In an optical bench experiment, the index error is $+1 \, cm$ and $-1 \, cm$ between the object needle and lens, and between the lens and image needle, respectively. The observed values of $u$ and $v$ are $9 \, cm$ and $17 \, cm$. The focal length of the lens is ..... $cm$.

If ${I_1}$ and ${I_2}$ are the sizes of the images for the two positions of the lens in the displacement method,then the size of the object is given by:

$A$ hollow lens is made of thin glass and in the shape of a double concave lens. It can be filled with air,water of refractive index $1.33$,or $CS_2$ of refractive index $1.6$. It will act as a diverging lens,if it is