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(B) The energy of an $X$-ray photon is given by $E = h
u = \frac{hc}{\lambda}$.For the shortest wavelength (cutoff wavelength),the entire kinetic ene

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Voltage applied to the tube

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(B) The energy of an $X$-ray photon is given by $E = h
u = \frac{hc}{\lambda}$.For the shortest wavelength (cutoff wavelength),the entire kinetic energy of the electron is converted into a single photon: $eV = \frac{hc}{\lambda_{\min}}$.Rearranging for $\lambda_{\min}$,we get $\lambda_{\min} = \frac{hc}{eV}$.Since $h$,$c$,and $e$ are constants,$\lambda_{\min} \propto \frac{1}{V}$.Therefore,the shortest wavelength depends only on the accelerating voltage $V$ applied to the tube.

The shortest wavelength of $X$-rays emitted from an $X$-ray tube depends on the

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