Two batteries of different $e.m.f.$ values and internal resistances are connected in series with each other and with an external load resistor. The current is $3.0 \,A$. When the polarity of one battery is reversed,the current becomes $1.0 \,A$. The ratio of the $e.m.f.$ values of the two batteries is ............

Four identical cells, each of $2 \, V$ e.m.f., are connected in parallel. They supply current to an external circuit consisting of two $15 \, \Omega$ resistors connected in parallel. The terminal voltage of the equivalent cell, as measured by an ideal voltmeter, is $1.6 \, V$. Calculate the internal resistance of each cell in $\Omega$.

For a cell with non-zero (finite) internal resistance,write the relation between the terminal voltage $(V)$ and the electromotive force $(E)$ of the cell.

An electric eel generates an electric current using biological cells called electroplaques. The eel has a total of $5000$ electroplaques arranged in $100$ rows. This arrangement is shown in the figure. Each electroplaque has an $emf$ of $0.15\ V$ and an internal resistance of $0.25\ \Omega$. The water surrounding the eel completes the circuit between its head and tail. If the resistance of the water is $500\ \Omega$,the electric current generated by the eel in the water is .......... $A$.

$A$ total of $100$ cells,each having an $emf$ of $5\,V$ and an internal resistance of $1\,\Omega$,are connected to an external resistance of $25\,\Omega$ to obtain the maximum current. If each row contains an equal number of cells,what should be the number of rows?