What is the lateral shift of a ray refracted through a parallel-sided glass slab of thickness $h$ in terms of the angle of incidence $i$ and angle of refraction $r$,if the glass slab is placed in air medium?

$A$ container is filled with a liquid of refractive index $\mu_1$ up to a depth $d$ and another liquid of refractive index $\mu_2$ up to a depth $d$ is poured on top of it. What is the apparent depth of the container when viewed from above?

An underwater swimmer is at a depth of $12 \, m$ below the surface of water. $A$ bird is at a height of $18 \, m$ from the surface of water,directly above his eyes. For the swimmer,the bird appears to be at a distance from the surface of water equal to ....... $m$ (Refractive index of water is $4/3$).

$A$ glass beaker is filled with water up to $5 \,cm$. It is kept on top of a $2 \,cm$ thick glass slab. When a coin at the bottom of the glass slab is viewed at normal incidence from above the beaker,its apparent depth from the water surface is $d \,cm$. The value of $d$ is close to ........ $cm$ (the refractive indices of water and glass are $1.33$ and $1.5$,respectively).

$A$ beaker containing liquid is placed on a table,underneath a microscope which can be moved along a vertical scale. The microscope is focused,through the liquid,onto a mark on the table when the reading on the scale is $a$. It is next focused on the upper surface of the liquid and the reading is $b$. More liquid is added and the observations are repeated,the corresponding readings are $c$ and $d$. The refractive index of the liquid is

$A$ concave mirror is placed over a beaker containing water of refractive index $\mu = 1.33$. The object is placed at the bottom of the beaker. If the image of the object is formed at a distance of $25 \, cm$ from the top surface of the water,and the mirror is at a height of $15 \, cm$ above the water surface,find the focal length of the mirror in $cm$.