Which one of the following statements is not true regarding the gel electrophoresis technique?

  • A
    The separated $DNA$ fragments are stained by using ethidium bromide.
  • B
    The presence of chromogenic substrate gives blue-coloured $DNA$ bands on the gel.
  • C
    Bright orange-coloured bands of $DNA$ can be observed in the gel when exposed to $UV$ light.
  • D
    The process of extraction of separated $DNA$ strands from the gel is called elution.

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$I.$ In microinjection method,foreign $DNA$ is directly injected into the nucleus of an animal cell or plant cell by using microneedles or micropipettes.
$II.$ Microinjection method is used in oocytes,eggs,and embryos.
$III.$ Electroporation is the formation of temporary pores in the plasma membrane of a host cell by using lysozyme or calcium chloride.
$IV.$ In chemical-mediated gene transfer method,certain chemicals such as $CO_{2}$ help foreign $DNA$ to enter the host cell.
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