Characteristics of Particles of Matter Questions in English

(N/A) The particles of matter are constantly moving. The rate of diffusion of particles increases with an increase in temperature.
In hot sizzling food,the kinetic energy of the particles is high,which causes them to diffuse rapidly into the air.
Consequently,these particles can travel over a longer distance and reach you from several metres away.
In contrast,the particles in cold food have lower kinetic energy,resulting in a slower rate of diffusion.
Therefore,you need to go close to the cold food to detect its smell.

(B) The correct option is $(B)$.
Step $1$: The observation that a diver can cut through water in a swimming pool indicates that the particles of water are not tightly packed.
Step $2$: The ability of the diver to move through the water is possible because the particles of water have spaces between them, allowing the diver to displace these particles.

(N/A) The characteristics of the particles of matter are as follows:
$1.$ Particles of matter have space between them.
$2.$ Particles of matter are continuously moving.
$3.$ Particles of matter attract each other.
$4.$ Particles of matter are extremely small in size.

(N/A) In the gaseous state,particles move randomly at very high speeds. Due to this random movement,the particles collide with each other and also strike the walls of the container. The pressure exerted by the gas is defined as the force exerted by these particles per unit area on the walls of the container.

(C) Air molecules are very far from each other due to the negligible force of attraction working between them. Therefore,our hand gets sufficient space to move through the air,and we can easily displace air molecules by applying a small force.
In contrast,a solid block of wood has particles that are very closely packed with strong intermolecular forces of attraction. Because of this rigid structure,our hand cannot move through it without applying a massive amount of force in a precise direction,which is why a karate expert is required.

(A) The force of attraction between particles is the least in gases,followed by liquids,and is the maximum in solids.
In the given options,$Oxygen$ is a gas,$water$ is a liquid,and $sugar$ is a solid.
Therefore,the increasing order of the force of attraction is: $Oxygen < water < sugar$.

(C) The observation that a diver can cut through water in a swimming pool demonstrates that the forces of attraction between water particles are not strong enough to prevent movement through them.
This property indicates that while particles of matter are held together by intermolecular forces of attraction,these forces can be overcome by external force,allowing the diver to move through the liquid.

(N/A) The molecules of gases have larger intermolecular space and higher kinetic energy compared to liquids and solids. Due to these factors,gas particles move randomly at high speeds,allowing them to diffuse rapidly.

(N/A) The property is $Diffusion$. Atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide dissolve in water through the process of $Diffusion$. Aquatic animals use the dissolved oxygen for respiration,and aquatic plants use the dissolved carbon dioxide for photosynthesis,which allows them to survive in water.

(A) The forces of attraction between particles are strongest in solids,moderate in liquids,and weakest in gases.
Sugar is a solid,water is a liquid,and oxygen is a gas.
Therefore,the increasing order of forces of attraction is: Oxygen < Water < Sugar.

(N/A) The continuous movement of gas particles can be concluded from the following two processes:
$(i)$ Diffusion: This is the process where particles of different gases intermix spontaneously due to their random motion and high kinetic energy. For example,the smell of perfume spreading across a room.
$(ii)$ Brownian Motion: This is the random,zig-zag motion of particles suspended in a fluid (gas or liquid) resulting from their collision with fast-moving gas molecules.

(N/A) In the gaseous state,the particles move randomly at high speed. Due to this random movement,the particles collide with each other and also strike the walls of the container. This continuous bombardment of particles against the walls of the container exerts force per unit area,which is known as gas pressure.

(A, B, C) The correct options are $(A)$, $(B)$, and $(C)$.
$(i)$ Particles of matter have spaces between them.
$(ii)$ Particles of matter are continuously moving.
$(iii)$ Particles of matter attract each other.
Option $(D)$ is incorrect because particles of matter are extremely small in size.

(N/A) Effect of temperature: As the temperature increases,the kinetic energy $(KE)$ of the particles of matter increases. This causes the particles to move more rapidly.
$(b)$ Hot sizzling food releases vapours. At high temperatures,the kinetic energy of these vapour particles is very high,causing them to move faster and diffuse into the air over a large distance. This process of diffusion allows the smell to reach us even when we are several metres away.

(N/A) When we dissolve salt in water,the volume of water remains the same because the particles of salt occupy the spaces between the particles of water and thus become invisible.
This observation demonstrates that particles of matter have spaces between them.

(B) The correct order of temperature is $T_C < T_B < T_A$.
Reason: The kinetic energy of particles is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the substance. As the temperature increases,the kinetic energy of the particles also increases. Since the given kinetic energies follow the order $E_A > E_B > E_C$,the corresponding temperatures must follow the same order,$T_A > T_B > T_C$. Therefore,in increasing order,the temperatures are $T_C < T_B < T_A$.

(C) The force of attraction between particles is strongest in solids, intermediate in liquids, and weakest in gases.
In the given options, we need to arrange them in increasing order (Gas < Liquid < Solid).
For option $C$: Oxygen is a gas, water is a liquid, and sugar is a solid.
Therefore, the increasing order of forces of attraction is: $\text{Oxygen} < \text{Water} < \text{Sugar}$.

(A) The statement is $True$.
Intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction or repulsion which act between neighboring particles (atoms,molecules,or ions) of matter.
These forces are responsible for the physical state of matter (solid,liquid,or gas) and determine properties like boiling point,melting point,and viscosity.