$A$ bicycle wheel of radius $R$ has $n$ spokes. It is rotating at the rate of $F$ r.p.m. perpendicular to the horizontal component of earth's magnetic field $\vec{B}$. The e.m.f. induced between the rim and the centre of the wheel is

$A$ rectangular conducting loop of sides $8\, cm$ and $2\, cm$ with a small cut is moving out of a region of uniform magnetic field of magnitude $0.3\, T$ directed normal to the loop as shown in figures $(i)$ and $(ii)$. If the velocity of the loop is $1\, cm\, s^{-1}$,then the ratio of the voltage developed across $ab$ in case $(i)$ to case $(ii)$ is:

$A$ fixed rectangular conductor $ODBAC$ has negligible resistance (where $CO$ is not connected). $A$ conductor $OP$ rotates clockwise with an angular velocity $\omega$ as shown in the figure. The entire system is in a uniform magnetic field $B$ directed along the normal to the surface of the rectangular conductor $ABDC$. The conductor $OP$ is in electric contact with $ABDC$. The rotating conductor has a resistance of $\lambda$ per unit length. Find the current in the rotating conductor as it rotates by $180^{\circ}$.

The figure shows an apparatus suggested by Faraday to generate electric current from a flowing river. Two identical conducting plates of length $a$ and width $b$ are placed parallel facing one another on opposite sides of the river flowing with velocity $u$ at a distance $d$ apart. Now both the plates are connected by a load resistance $R$. Then the current through the load $R$ is: (Consider the vertical component of the magnetic field produced by the earth is $B_v$ and the resistivity of river water is $\rho$.)

$A$ conducting circular loop is placed in a uniform magnetic field,$B = 0.025 \, T$,with its plane perpendicular to the field. The radius of the loop is made to shrink at a constant rate of $1 \, mm \, s^{-1}$. The induced $emf$ when the radius is $2 \, cm$ is:

What is motional $emf$?