Find the rate of radiation emitted per unit area per unit time by a black body at a temperature of $10^{3} \ K$ (in $J \ m^{-2} \ s^{-1}$).

$A$ black body at a temperature of $227^{\circ} C$ radiates heat energy at the rate of $5 \ cal/cm^{2}-s$. At a temperature of $727^{\circ} C$,the rate of heat radiated per unit area in $cal/cm^{2}-s$ will be:

According to Stefan's law of radiation,a black body radiates energy $\sigma T^4$ from its unit surface area every second,where $T$ is the surface temperature of the black body and $\sigma = 5.67 \times 10^{-8} \, W m^{-2} K^{-4}$ is known as Stefan's constant. $A$ nuclear weapon may be thought of as a ball of radius $0.5 \, m$. When detonated,it reaches a temperature of $10^6 \, K$ and can be treated as a black body.
$(a)$ Estimate the power it radiates.
$(b)$ If the surroundings have water at $30 \, ^\circ C$,how much water can $10 \%$ of the energy produced evaporate in $1 \, s$? $[S_W = 4186 \, J kg^{-1} K^{-1}$ and $L_v = 22.6 \times 10^5 \, J kg^{-1}]$
$(c)$ If all this energy $U$ is in the form of radiation,the corresponding momentum is $p = U/c$. How much momentum per unit time does it impart on a unit area at a distance of $1 \, km$?

$A$ black body radiates energy at the rate of $1 \times 10^5 \ J/s \cdot m^2$ at a temperature of $227^\circ C$. The temperature to which it must be heated so that it radiates energy at a rate of $1 \times 10^9 \ J/s \cdot m^2$ is:

Two identical metal balls at temperatures $200^{\circ}C$ and $400^{\circ}C$ are kept in air at $27^{\circ}C$. The ratio of net heat loss by these bodies is:

If the temperature of the sun is doubled,the rate of energy received by the earth will be increased by a factor of: