In what direction does the buoyant force on an object immersed in a liquid act?

You have a bag of cotton and an iron bar,each indicating a mass of $100\, kg$ when measured on a weighing machine. In reality,one is heavier than the other. Can you say which one is heavier and why?

An object weighs $10 \, N$ in air. When immersed fully in water,it weighs only $8 \, N$. The weight of the liquid displaced by the object will be (in $, N$)

The volume of $50\, g$ of a substance is $20\, cm^3$. If the density of water is $1\, g\, cm^{-3}$,will the substance float or sink?

Raman along with his family visited the Dead Sea. There,his father observed a lady lying on her back in the sea and reading a newspaper. This astonished Raman's father,who thought the lady might be practicing black magic. Raman explained to his father why the lady was not drowning.
$(a)$ What,according to you,is the reason the lady is not drowning in the Dead Sea?
$(b)$ What value is exhibited by Raman?

On a voyage in their yacht,John and his father came across an iceberg. John advised his father to keep away from the iceberg. His father said that it is just a small piece of ice jutting out of the sea and there is nothing to bother. John told his father that icebergs are dangerous and narrated the story of the ship $Titanic$,which was sunk by an iceberg. John explained to his father why the iceberg was dangerous. This convinced his father,and they steered clear of the iceberg.
$(a)$ Why are icebergs in the sea dangerous?
$(b)$ What values are possessed by John and his father?