Mix Examples - Metals and Non-metals Questions in English

(D) Magnalium is an alloy of aluminum and magnesium. It typically contains $90-95\%$ aluminum and $5-10\%$ magnesium. It is known for its high strength,low density,and corrosion resistance,making it useful in aerospace and automotive applications.

(C) Bronze is an alloy primarily composed of copper $(Cu)$ and tin $(Sn)$.
It is highly resistant to corrosion and possesses excellent casting properties,making it the ideal material for creating statues,medals,and various artistic artifacts.

(A) Magnalium is an alloy of aluminum $(Al)$ and magnesium $(Mg)$. It is known for its high strength,low density,and resistance to corrosion. Due to these properties,it is widely used in the construction of scientific balances,aircraft parts,and precision instruments.

(B) Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of copper,usually with tin as the main additive. The composition typically ranges from $88\%$ copper and $12\%$ tin. Therefore,the correct components are copper and tin.

(D) German silver is an alloy consisting of copper $(Cu)$,zinc $(Zn)$,and nickel $(Ni)$.
It does not contain any silver,despite its name.
Since it is a homogeneous mixture of two or more metals,it is classified as an alloy.

(B) Pure gold is $24$ carat,which is very soft and not suitable for making jewelry.
To make it harder and durable,it is alloyed with small amounts of other metals like copper or silver.
Typically,gold jewelry is made using $22$ carat gold,which consists of $22$ parts gold and $2$ parts of other metals.

(A) $H_{2}$ (Hydrogen gas) is non-polar and does not form hydrogen bonds with water,making it practically insoluble in water.
$CO_{2}$ (Carbon dioxide) is slightly soluble in water,forming carbonic acid $(H_{2}CO_{3})$.
$NH_{3}$ (Ammonia) and $SO_{2}$ (Sulfur dioxide) are highly soluble in water due to their polar nature and ability to form hydrogen bonds or react with water.

(D) The correct pairings are as follows:
$1.$ Dehydrating agent: Concentrated sulphuric acid $(H_2SO_4)$ is a well-known dehydrating agent that removes water molecules from compounds. Thus, $(1-q)$.
$2.$ In preparation of firecrackers: Sulphur is commonly used in the manufacturing of gunpowder and firecrackers. Thus, $(2-s)$.
$3.$ Weak bleaching agent: Sulphur dioxide $(SO_2)$ acts as a weak bleaching agent, especially for delicate materials like wool and silk. Thus, $(3-p)$.
$4.$ Lightest gas: Dihydrogen $(H_2)$ is the lightest gas in the periodic table. Thus, $(4-r)$.
Therefore, the correct sequence is $(1-q), (2-s), (3-p), (4-r)$.

(B) Non-metals react with oxygen to form non-metallic oxides.
These oxides are generally acidic in nature because they dissolve in water to form acids (e.g.,$SO_2 + H_2O \rightarrow H_2SO_3$).
Some non-metallic oxides,such as carbon monoxide $(CO)$,water $(H_2O)$,and nitrous oxide $(N_2O)$,are neutral in nature.
Therefore,non-metal oxides are typically acidic or neutral.

(B) Rhombic sulphur,also known as $\alpha$-sulphur,is the most stable allotrope of sulphur at room temperature.
It is formed by evaporating a solution of roll sulphur in $CS_2$.
The crystals of rhombic sulphur have an octahedral shape.

(A) Monoclinic sulphur, also known as $\beta$-sulphur, is an allotrope of sulphur.
It is prepared by melting rhombic sulphur in a dish and cooling it until a crust is formed.
Two holes are made in the crust and the remaining liquid is poured out.
Upon removing the crust, colourless needle-shaped crystals of monoclinic sulphur are formed.
Therefore, the shape of monoclinic sulphur is needle-shaped.

(D) Sulfur is widely used in the manufacture of sulfuric acid $(H_2SO_4)$,in the vulcanization of rubber,in the preparation of skin ointments (antiseptic properties),and in the production of fireworks and gunpowder. However,sulfur is not used in the manufacture of nitric acid $(HNO_3)$. Nitric acid is primarily produced by the Ostwald process using ammonia $(NH_3)$ and oxygen $(O_2)$.

(A) The $Contact$ process is the industrial method used for the production of sulphuric acid $(H_2SO_4)$.
In this process,sulphur dioxide $(SO_2)$ is oxidized to sulphur trioxide $(SO_3)$ in the presence of a vanadium pentoxide $(V_2O_5)$ catalyst,which is then absorbed in concentrated sulphuric acid to form oleum $(H_2S_2O_7)$,followed by dilution with water.
$Haber's$ process is used for the synthesis of ammonia $(NH_3)$.
$Oswald$ method is used for the production of nitric acid $(HNO_3)$.
$Frasch$ method is used for the extraction of elemental sulphur from underground deposits.

(C) The industrial production of sulfuric acid $(H_2SO_4)$ is primarily carried out by the Contact process.
Historically,the Lead chamber process was the main method used for the large-scale production of sulfuric acid before the Contact process became dominant.
The Haber process is used for the synthesis of ammonia $(NH_3)$.
The Ostwald process is used for the production of nitric acid $(HNO_3)$.
The Hall-Heroult process is used for the extraction of aluminum $(Al)$.
Therefore,the correct option is $C$.

(C) Vulcanization is a chemical process used to improve the properties of natural rubber.
In this process,natural rubber is heated with $Sulphur$ (or other curatives) at a temperature range of $100^{\circ}C$ to $150^{\circ}C$.
This process creates cross-links between the polymer chains of rubber,which makes the rubber harder,more durable,and resistant to heat and wear.
Therefore,$Sulphur$ is the substance mixed with natural rubber to obtain vulcanized rubber.

(D) Vulcanization is a chemical process for converting natural rubber or related polymers into more durable materials by adding sulfur or other equivalent curatives.
For standard vulcanized rubber used in tires,the sulfur content is typically around $3-5 \%$.
However,for specialized applications like battery casings (ebonite or hard rubber),a much higher concentration of sulfur is required to achieve the necessary hardness and chemical resistance.
In the production of ebonite,which is used for battery casings,the sulfur content is approximately $30 \%$.

(D) Vulcanization is a chemical process for converting natural rubber or related polymers into more durable materials by the addition of sulfur or other equivalent curatives.
For standard vulcanized rubber used in tires,the sulfur content is typically around $3-5 \%$.
However,for hard rubber (ebonite) used in battery casings,a much higher concentration of sulfur is required to provide the necessary rigidity and chemical resistance.
This type of rubber typically contains approximately $30 \%$ sulfur.