Animal Husbandry Questions in English

(N/A) The three common Indian varieties of honey bee used in honey production are:
$1$. $Apis \ cerana \ indica$ (Indian bee)
$2$. $Apis \ dorsata$ (Rock bee)
$3$. $Apis \ florae$ (Little bee)

(N/A) Egg layers are birds raised specifically for egg production. Their nutritional requirements include a diet rich in Vitamin $A$ and Vitamin $K$ to support egg formation.
Broilers are birds raised specifically for meat production. Their daily nutritional requirement is a protein-rich diet with adequate fat to promote rapid growth.
$(b)$ Poultry fowl can be protected from diseases through the following three methods:
$(i)$ Appropriate vaccination: Timely administration of vaccines to prevent common infectious diseases.
$(ii)$ Spraying of disinfectants: Regular use of disinfectants in the poultry farm to kill pathogens.
$(iii)$ Proper sanitation: Maintaining cleanliness,hygienic conditions in housing,and providing clean,uncontaminated poultry feed.

(N/A) Pasturage: The flowers available to the bees for collecting nectar and pollen are collectively called pasturage.
Relation to honey production: The quality and quantity of honey produced by bees depend directly on the availability of pasturage. The variety of flowers determines the taste and quality of the honey,as bees require different types of flora to collect nectar and pollen efficiently.

(C)

Indian bees	Italian bees
$(i)$ They have low honey collection capacity.	$(i)$ They have high honey collection capacity.
$(ii)$ They sting more and are more aggressive.	$(ii)$ They sting less and are less aggressive.

In summary, Italian bees $(Apis \text{ } mellifera)$ are preferred for commercial apiculture because they produce more honey, sting less, and stay in the beehive for longer periods.

(N/A) The farmer can adopt the composite fish culture technique. In this system,a combination of five or six fish species is used in a single pond. These species are selected in such a way that they do not compete for food because they have different food habits.
$(b)$ The major limitation of fish farming is the lack of availability of good quality seeds (fish fingerlings).

(N/A)

Mariculture	Aquaculture
$1$. It involves the rearing and cultivation of organisms for food and other products specifically in the open sea.	$1$. It involves the rearing and management of aquatic plants and animals for commercial purposes in any aquatic environment.
$2$. Organisms are reared exclusively in marine habitats.	$2$. Organisms can be reared in any aquatic habitat,including marine,brackish,or freshwater environments.

(N/A) $(i)$ Poultry farming is highly efficient because birds can convert low-fibre,low-cost agricultural by-products (which are otherwise unfit for human consumption) into high-quality animal protein in the form of eggs and meat.
$(ii)$ Birds reared for eggs are called $Layers$,and birds reared for meat are called $Broilers$.
$(iii)$ One indigenous breed is $Aseel$,and one exotic breed is $Leghorn$.

(C) The quality of honey is primarily determined by two factors:
$(i)$ The pasturage: This refers to the variety of flowers available to the bees for nectar and pollen collection. The type of flowers determines the taste,color,and nutritional value of the honey.
$(ii)$ Apiary location: The geographical location of the apiary influences the availability of flora and the overall health of the bee colony,which directly impacts honey production and quality.

(N/A)

Broilers	Layers
$1.$ Broilers are reared for obtaining meat.	$1.$ Layers are reared for obtaining eggs.
$2.$ Broilers are fed with protein-rich and fat-rich feed for good growth rate and better feed efficiency.	$2.$ Layers are fed with vitamin- and mineral-rich feed. Their feed also contains micronutrients to influence the hatchability of eggs.

(N/A) Mariculture is the practice of culturing marine organisms in the open ocean,an enclosed section of the ocean,or in tanks,ponds,or raceways which are filled with seawater. It specifically focuses on marine fishes and other marine life.
Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms,including fish,mollusks,crustaceans,and aquatic plants. It involves the cultivation of these organisms under controlled conditions to increase production using available water resources.

(N/A)

Inland fisheries	Marine fisheries
$1.$ Inland fisheries include freshwater resources such as canals,ponds,rivers,lakes,etc.,and brackish water bodies such as estuaries and lagoons.	$1.$ Marine fisheries include oceans,deep seas,and coastal areas.
$2.$ Most fish production from these resources is achieved through aquaculture.	$2.$ Most fish production from these resources is achieved through capture fishing.

(N/A) $(i)$ Poultry birds can be fed with farm wastes such as degraded grains and plant parts.
$(ii)$ Poultry excreta,rich in organic matter,can be used as manure for crops after decomposition.
$(iii)$ Improved poultry breeds are developed by cross-breeding between Indian (e.g.,Aseel) and foreign (e.g.,Leghorn) breeds to incorporate desirable traits like high egg production,dwarf broiler parent for commercial chick production,and better adaptability.

(C) $Apis \ mellifera$ is the Italian species of honey bee.
It is widely used in commercial apiculture because it has a high honey collection capacity,stings somewhat less,and stays in the beehive for longer periods.
$Apis \ dorsata$ is the rock bee,$Apis \ florae$ is the little bee,and $Apis \ cerana \ indica$ is the Indian hive bee.

(A) Cattle husbandry involves the rearing of cattle for various economic purposes.
$(i)$ Milk production: Dairy animals are kept for milk.
$(ii)$ Agricultural work: Draught animals are used for tilling,carting,and irrigation.
$(iii)$ Meat production: Certain breeds are raised for meat.
$(iv)$ Egg production: This is related to poultry farming,not cattle husbandry.
Therefore,the correct purposes for cattle husbandry are $(i), (ii),$ and $(iii)$.

(B) The scientific name for Indian cattle (cows) is $Bos \ indicus$.
The scientific name for the Indian buffalo is $Bos \ bubalis$ (also commonly referred to as $Bubalus \ bubalis$).
Therefore,both $(i)$ and $(iii)$ represent Indian cattle/livestock breeds.
Thus,the correct option is $B$.

(C) Exotic breeds are those that are imported from foreign countries to improve the quality and yield of local livestock.
$(i)$ Prawn is an aquatic crustacean,not a cattle breed.
$(ii)$ Jersey is a well-known exotic breed of cattle originating from the Channel Islands.
$(iii)$ Brown Swiss is an exotic breed of cattle originating from Switzerland.
$(iv)$ Jersey Swiss is not a recognized breed name; it is a combination of two distinct breeds.
Therefore,$(ii)$ and $(iii)$ are the correct exotic breeds of cattle.

(D) Poultry farming is the practice of raising domesticated birds such as chickens,ducks,turkeys,and geese for commercial purposes.
$(i)$ Egg production is a primary objective of poultry farming (layers).
$(ii)$ Feather production is a byproduct but not the primary purpose of commercial poultry farming.
$(iii)$ Chicken meat production is a primary objective of poultry farming (broilers).
$(iv)$ Milk production is associated with dairy farming,not poultry farming.
Therefore,poultry farming is primarily undertaken for egg and meat production,which corresponds to $(i)$ and $(iii)$.

(D) In composite fish culture,different types of fish are selected based on their feeding habits to utilize the food available in different zones of the pond.
$1$. $Catlas$ are surface feeders,meaning they feed on food available at the surface of the water.
$2$. $Rohu$ are column feeders,feeding on food in the middle zone of the pond.
$3$. $Mrigals$ and $Common$ $carps$ are bottom feeders,feeding on food available at the bottom of the pond.
Therefore,the correct answer is $Catlas$.

(B) Livestock feed,also known as fodder,consists of crops grown specifically to feed animals.
Among the given options,$Sorghum$ (Jowar) is widely cultivated as a major fodder crop for livestock.
While oats and millets can be used as feed,$Sorghum$ is primarily categorized as a significant forage and fodder crop in agricultural practices.

(B) The statement is False.
Animal feed consists of two main components: roughage and concentrates.
Roughage is largely fiber,which is rich in carbohydrates and provides bulk to the diet.
Concentrates are rich in proteins,vitamins,and minerals,but they are not the only components of animal feed.
Animal feed must provide a balanced diet including carbohydrates,fats,proteins,vitamins,and minerals to ensure proper growth and health of the animals.

(B) The statement is $False$. In poultry farming, the feed provided to birds is specifically enriched with vitamins $A$ and $K$ to ensure better growth, health, and egg production. Vitamins $C$ and $D$ are important, but vitamins $A$ and $K$ are the primary ones emphasized for high-level supplementation in poultry rations.

(B) The statement is $False$.
Broilers are raised for meat production, while layers are raised for egg production.
Broilers require a diet rich in protein and fat for rapid growth, whereas layers require a diet rich in vitamins, minerals, and calcium for eggshell formation.
Additionally, the lighting and environmental conditions for layers are specifically managed to stimulate egg production, which is not required for broilers.

(B) The statement is False.
Broilers are raised for meat production,so their diet requires a high protein content with adequate fat.
Carbohydrates are essential for energy,but the primary focus for broiler feed is high protein to support rapid muscle growth and development.
Additionally,their diet must be rich in vitamins and minerals to maintain overall health and bone strength.

(B) The statement is $False$.
Pomphret,mackerel,tuna,sardines,and Bombay duck are examples of marine fish,not freshwater fish.
Freshwater fish varieties include species like Catla,Rohu,Mrigal,and Common Carp.

(A) The statement is true. Bhetki (Lates calcarifer),mullets (Mugilidae family),pearl spots (Etroplus suratensis),and prawns are highly valued marine and brackish water organisms that are commercially important in fisheries and aquaculture.

(A) The quality of honey is directly influenced by the type of flowers (pasturage) available to the bees. Different flowers provide different types of nectar and pollen,which determine the flavor,color,and nutritional composition of the honey produced. Therefore,the statement is True.

(A) The taste and quality of honey are directly influenced by the nectar collected by honeybees from various types of flowers. Different flowers provide different types of nectar,which imparts unique flavors and characteristics to the honey produced. Therefore,the availability of specific floral sources is a key factor in determining the taste of honey.

(N/A) $(i)$ The two major purposes of poultry farming are egg production and meat production.
$(ii)$ An example of an indigenous poultry breed is $Aseel$,and an example of an exotic poultry breed is $Leghorn$.
$(iii)$ Paras' brother was perturbed because he was unaware of the dietary habits of poultry birds and was concerned that feeding them waste grains might be harmful or unhygienic for the birds.

(N/A) $(i)$ This intensive fish farming is known as $Composite$ $fish$ $culture$.
$(ii)$ The different fish species are selected based on their different food habits so that they do not compete for the same food source in the pond.
$(iii)$ Ashok's initiative is worth praising because:
$1$. It demonstrates scientific temper and awareness regarding food security.
$2$. It shows compassion and a spirit of social service by helping the villagers improve their nutritional status.