Mix Examples - IMPROVEMENT IN FOOD RESOURCES Questions in English

(N/A) Factors that affect crop production are categorized into two types:
$1$. Biotic factors: These include living organisms such as rodents,pests,insects,bacteria,and fungi that cause damage to stored grains and standing crops.
$2$. Abiotic factors: These include non-living environmental conditions such as temperature,humidity,moisture,wind,and soil salinity.
Both biotic and abiotic factors affect crop production in the following ways:
- Weight loss: Pests and moisture can reduce the overall mass of the grain.
- Infestation of insects: Biotic agents can consume or damage the crops.
- Poor germination ability: Environmental stress or fungal infection reduces the viability of seeds.
- Discoloration: Chemical or biological changes lead to a loss of quality and color in the produce.

(D) The benefits of cattle farming include:
$(i)$ Increased milk production: Proper management and breeding lead to higher yields of milk.
$(ii)$ Production of good quality meat,fibre,and skin: Cattle farming provides essential raw materials like meat for food,and skin/hides for the leather industry.
$(iii)$ Availability of good breeds of draught animals: It helps in breeding strong animals that are useful for agricultural tasks like ploughing,irrigation,and carting.

(C) The statement in option $A$ is correct because the White Revolution (Operation Flood) was launched to increase milk production.
The statement in option $B$ is correct because the Blue Revolution is associated with the increase in fish and aquatic product production.
The statement in option $D$ is correct because sustainable agriculture refers to farming practices that meet current food needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs,while maintaining environmental quality.
Since all the given statements are correct,the correct answer is $C$ (None of the above).

(D) To ensure food security in a country,three fundamental criteria must be met:
$1$. Increased production and effective storage of food grains to ensure availability.
$2$. Easy access for the population to the available food grains.
$3$. Economic affordability,meaning people must have sufficient income to purchase the food.
Therefore,all the mentioned factors are necessary to solve the food problem.

(A) The storage of grains requires effective preventive and control measures to protect them from biotic factors (insects,rodents,fungi,mites,bacteria) and abiotic factors (inappropriate moisture and temperature).
$1$. Strict cleaning: The grains must be cleaned properly before storage to remove debris and contaminants.
$2$. Proper drying: The grains must be dried in the sun and then in the shade to reduce moisture content,which prevents fungal growth.
$3$. Fumigation: Using chemicals (fumigants) that produce toxic fumes to kill pests and insects within the storage area.
Since all these methods are essential for grain storage,the correct answer is 'all of the above'.

(A) The correct matches are as follows:
$(a)$ Cattle used for tilling and carting are known as Draught animals $(iii)$.
$(b)$ Aseel $(v)$ is a well-known Indian breed of chicken.
$(c)$ Sahiwal and Red Sindhi $(iv)$ are examples of local breeds of cattle.
$(d)$ Milch animals $(i)$ are those that are milk-producing females.
$(e)$ Broilers $(ii)$ are chickens that are specifically fed and raised for obtaining meat.
Therefore, the correct sequence is $(a) - (iii), (b) - (v), (c) - (iv), (d) - (i), (e) - (ii)$.

(D) In agricultural practices,higher input leads to higher yield because it allows for the adoption of advanced farming technologies and better resources.
Financial conditions of farmers determine their ability to invest in high-quality inputs such as high-yielding variety $(HYV)$ seeds,fertilizers,pesticides,and modern irrigation systems.
The farmer's purchasing capacity directly influences the choice of cropping systems and production practices.
Therefore,higher financial investment enables the implementation of intensive farming techniques,which ultimately results in increased crop production.

(N/A) $(i)$ Capture fishery is the method of obtaining fish from natural resources,whereas culture fishery is the method of obtaining fish through fish farming.
$(ii)$ Mixed cropping involves growing two or more crops simultaneously on the same piece of land without a specific pattern. Intercropping involves growing two or more crops simultaneously on the same field in a definite pattern,such as in alternating rows.
$(iii)$ Bee keeping is the practice of rearing honey bees for the production of honey and wax. Poultry farming is the practice of raising domestic fowl for the production of eggs and meat.

(A) The completed crossword puzzle is as follows:
Across:
$1.$ $SUNFLOWER$
$3.$ $RABI$
$5.$ $NITROGEN$
$9.$ $APIS$
Downward:
$2.$ $FODDER$
$4.$ $BORON$
$6.$ $WEED$
$7.$ $LEGHORN$
$8.$ $MRIGALS$
$10.$ $TUNA$

(C) The factors affecting food grains during storage are categorized into two types:
$1$. Biotic factors: These include living organisms such as insects,rodents,mites,bacteria,and fungi that damage the stored grains.
$2$. Abiotic factors: These include non-living environmental conditions such as moisture content,humidity,and temperature,which can lead to degradation,spoilage,and loss of germination capacity.

(N/A) $(i)$ There is an increase in food grain production because of the Green Revolution. Similarly, the White Revolution has led to better and more efficient use as well as increased availability of milk.
$(ii)$ These revolutions have led to intensive utilization of natural resources, and now there are higher chances of causing damage to our natural resources to the point of destroying their balance completely.
$(iii)$ Therefore, it is important that we increase food production without degrading our environment and disturbing the ecological balances that maintain it. Hence, it is said that there is a need for sustainable practices in agriculture and animal husbandry.

(D) Manure is a natural fertilizer obtained by the decomposition of plant and animal wastes.
$(i)$ Manure contains large quantities of organic matter (humus) and small quantities of nutrients,which is correct.
$(ii)$ It improves the soil structure and increases the water-holding capacity of sandy soil,which is correct.
$(iii)$ In clayey soil,the large organic matter helps in drainage and prevents waterlogging,which is correct.
$(iv)$ Manure is eco-friendly and does not cause pollution,unlike chemical fertilizers. Thus,statement $(iv)$ is incorrect.
Therefore,statements $(i)$,$(ii)$,and $(iii)$ are correct.

(A) The major activities for improving crop yields are categorized into three main groups:
$1$. Crop variety improvement: This involves selecting or developing varieties that have desirable traits like disease resistance,high yield,and better quality.
$2$. Crop production improvement: This includes practices like proper irrigation,nutrient management (manures and fertilizers),and cropping patterns (crop rotation,intercropping,etc.) to ensure optimal growth.
$3$. Crop protection management: This involves protecting crops from weeds,pests,diseases,and storage losses to ensure the final yield is not compromised.
Since all three options ($B$,$C$,and $D$) are correct,the answer is $A$.

(B) $1$. White revolution (Operation Flood) is indeed associated with the increase in milk production.
$2$. Blue revolution is associated with the increase in fish and aquatic product production.
$3$. Sustainable agriculture refers to the practice of farming in a way that meets current food needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs,while maintaining environmental quality.
$4$. Since all the statements provided in options $A$,$C$,and $D$ are scientifically correct,the statement that is 'wrong' among the choices is 'None of the above'.

(C) To solve the food problem of a country,a multi-faceted approach is required.
$1$. Increased production and storage of foodgrains ensure that there is enough supply to meet the population's needs and prevent wastage.
$2$. Easy access to foodgrains ensures that the produced food reaches all regions,including remote areas.
$3$. People must have the purchasing power (money) to buy these grains,which is linked to economic stability and employment.
Therefore,all these factors are essential for food security.

(A) Poultry birds,such as chickens and ducks,are highly susceptible to various types of infectious agents.
These pathogens include:
$1$. Bacteria: Such as those causing Salmonella or Fowl Cholera.
$2$. Fungi: Such as those causing Aspergillosis.
$3$. Viruses: Such as those causing Ranikhet disease or Bird Flu.
Since poultry are affected by all these categories of pathogens,the correct answer is 'All of the above'.