First Law of Motion and Inertia Questions in English

(N/A) According to the first law of motion,a body at rest remains at rest,and a body in motion continues to move in a straight line at a constant speed unless acted upon by an external unbalanced force.
This inherent property of a body to resist any change in its state of rest or uniform motion is known as inertia.
Since the first law of motion defines this property,it is commonly referred to as the law of inertia.

(TRUE) The statement is true. Newton's first law of motion states that an object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an external unbalanced force. This concept was originally proposed by Galileo Galilei,which is why the first law of motion is frequently referred to as the law of inertia or Galileo's law of inertia.

(D) An athlete runs before taking a long jump to gain momentum.
According to Newton's first law of motion,an object in motion tends to stay in motion unless acted upon by an external force.
By running,the athlete acquires a high velocity,which increases their inertia of motion.
This inertia of motion helps the athlete cover a greater distance during the jump,as the body continues to move forward due to the momentum gained during the run-up.

(A) When a carpet is at rest,the dust particles on it are also at rest.
According to Newton's first law of motion,an object at rest tends to remain at rest unless acted upon by an external force (Inertia of rest).
When the carpet is beaten with a stick,the carpet suddenly moves,but the dust particles tend to remain in their state of rest due to inertia.
Consequently,the carpet moves away from the dust particles,causing the dust to fall off.

(C) Inertia is the inherent property of a body to resist any change in its state of rest,uniform motion,or direction of motion.
According to Newton's First Law of Motion,an object remains in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless compelled to change that state by an external unbalanced force.
Since inertia prevents a body from changing its state of rest,uniform motion,or direction of motion on its own,all the given statements are correct.
Therefore,the correct option is $C$.

(B) Inertia is the property of an object by virtue of which it resists any change in its state of rest or motion.
Inertia is directly proportional to the mass of an object.
Greater the mass,greater is the inertia.
Comparing the masses of the given objects:
$1$. $A$ pin has very little mass.
$2$. $A$ pen has very little mass.
$3$. $A$ physics book has more mass than a pin or a pen.
$4$. $A$ school bag contains books,notebooks,and other items,making its total mass significantly higher than the other options.
Since the school bag has the largest mass,it possesses the largest inertia.

(A) Newton's first law of motion defines force qualitatively as an external agency that changes or tends to change the state of rest or uniform motion of an object.
Newton's second law of motion provides the quantitative definition of force,which is given by the product of mass and acceleration $(F = ma)$.

(C) According to Newton's $First$ Law of Motion, an object will remain at rest or continue to move at a constant velocity in a straight line unless acted upon by an external unbalanced force.
If the net unbalanced force acting on a body is zero, the acceleration of the body is zero ($F = ma$, so if $F = 0$, then $a = 0$).
If the acceleration is zero, the body will either remain at rest (if it was initially at rest) or continue to move with a constant velocity (if it was already in motion).
Therefore, the statement that the body moves with constant velocity is a correct description of its state of motion under zero net force.